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B. Tensile Strength
Method: ASTM D638 Jaw separation rate: 500mm/min (20 in/min)
Type IV specimens were created along a vertical line of the cones sides. The cones press-punched using standard die such that sample width constant at 6.35mm and sample initial
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Measured |
Required min |
13.0 |
8.3 |
length constant at 33mm. Each specimenˇ¦s thickness was measured to accurately determine stress.
Strength (MPa)
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E. Harness
Method: ASTM D2240
Hardness measure using a Shore A durometer. Samples were placed with the conical sectionˇ¦s inner surface on the 1/2ˇ¨ thick aluminum plate, engaging the indentor on the outer surface of the material. 15 secs after the pressure foot was engaged, the hardness was measured
Measured |
Required min |
75 |
80 +/- 10 |
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D. Tensile stress at 200% Elongation
Stress at 200% Elongation (MPa)
Measured |
Required min |
9.4 |
6.9 |
C. Elongation Test
Measured |
Required min |
350 |
200 |
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G. Foldability
Samples placed in normal position on flat surface and folded at the middle of the cone by bringing tip of cone to ground next to base while keeping all of base on the ground and holding for 10 seconds.
The tip was then released and the time for the cone to return to its original shape was measured.
Times (seconds)
Measured |
Required min |
2.9 |
15 |
Meets the foldability requirements
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F. Tensile Strength of Joint
Method: ASTM D638 : Jaw separation rate: 130mm/min (5inch/min)
The test specimens were created from the side of the cone sample. Sample was 1ˇ¨ (25mm) wide to accommodate the maximum width of the tensile jaw clamps instead of the specified 50mm. Length of the specimens included 300mm of the conical section and 50mm of the base section. The thickness of the base section was partially reduced at the end of the sample in order for the jaws to clamp.
Strength (N per mm width)
Measured |
Required min |
27 |
11 |
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H. Heat resistance
Cones placed upright for 1 hour in a preheated circulating air oven at 82˘XC with a 1.36 +/- 0.05 kg mass
suspended approx. 350mm from the top of each cone secured using a 65mm diameter flat metal disc.
After test while cones still warm(ambient air temperature at 50˘XC), cones were stacked in various configurations with one another. Although the PVC material was more pliable, cones did not stick to one another and were easily removed from the stack.
result |
No significant slump or slag, no change in appearance |
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I. Cold Resistance
Samples placed upright fro 3 hours in a circulating air environmental chamber at -18˘XC ( 0˘XF ). Afterward, cones was quickly removed from the chamber and placed horizontally on ground with cone tip supported so that base plumb. A 60mm diameter, 0.91kg steel ball was dropped through a 1.5 high virtually frictionless guide tube to impact the surface of the frozen cone. The ball was dripped in 3 places - at the top above the upper reflective sleeve recess, in the middle within the lower reflective sleeve recess, and at the bottom approx. 150mm above the base.
result |
No significant slump or slag, no change in appearance |
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J. Color Fastness
Test method: ASTM E308, E1349, E991, E1164 (Illuminant D65 , 2˘X Observer, 45/0 Geometry)
Instrument: Hunterlab Colorflex A60 spectrocolorimeter
3ˇ¨x 3ˇ¨ Square sample from II.C. Color were exposed for 500 hrs in accordance with ASTM G155, Table X3.1, cycle 1 then color was remeasured.
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